An Investigation of the Agriculture Graduate Students’ Attitudes Regarding Agricultural Career as an Employment in the Future(Case Study: Tarbiat Modarres University)
علی اصغر
شاهرودی
author
همایون
فرهادیان
author
محمد
چیذری
author
text
article
2008
per
The purpose of this descriptive-correlation study was to investigate and analyze the agriculture graduate students’ attitudes regarding agricultural career as regards employment in the future. The target population consisted of 356 agriculture students at Tarbiat Modarres University (TMU). By a simple random sampling procedure, 143 students out of the population were chosen as the sample for completing the questionnaires (n=143). This research was administrated through a valid and reliable questionnaire. Content validity of the study was ascertapined by a panel of experts in the field of agricultural extension and education. A pilot study was conducted on a similar population and reliability coefficients (A Cronbach’s Alpha) were estimated between 0.87 and 0.93 for the students’ perceptions. The research findings indicated that, in general, 19.7% students’ perceptions regarding their future employment were at “low” level, 48.6% at “average”, 27.5% at “high”, and 4.2% at “very high” levels. Pearson correlation coefficients showed statistically significant and positive relationship between the independent variables of agricultural work experiences, economic, cultural, social & educational perceptions and the dependent variable of students, behavioral perception toward their future employment. The results of the stepwise discriminate analysis by means of Wilks’ lambda procedure revealed that the most important distinguishing variables include agricultural activity experiences, and cultural, educational and social perceptions. In general, these variables could correctly classify behavioral perception of some 71.9% of all respondents as based on the obtained discriminate functions. Furthermore, it can be predicted through the obtained equations of this analysis which category of behavioral perception one particular individual in mind belongs to.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27259_87642d2f15a7ec9160ad0142a6fc7f82.pdf
An Aggregate and Disaggregate Analysis of Acreage Response of some Iranian Agricultural Crops: Wheat, Barley, Potatoes,Sunflower, and Cotton
سید صفدر
حسینی
author
نورمحمد
آبیار
author
text
article
2008
per
Considering the importance of increase in production and supply of agricultural products in Iranian economic development, this study was carried out to investigate the impact of factors influencing the acreage (as a proxy for planned production and supply) of five important crops , namely wheat, barley, potatoes, sunflower and cotton. The Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) was used under the assumptions of partial and complete adjustment, while Theil adjusted R2 was employed to determine the appropriate (disaggregate and aggregate) analytical model. Based on this criterion, aggregate equations are chosen for an analysis of changes in the acreage of the crops. The results show that such factors as product price, previous-year acreage, technological advancement, and gross income risk for the crops have significant effects on changes in the acreage under these crops. Some related policy implications are presented.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27260_c014fa2c63438b55b85e448f67441342.pdf
Impacts of Government Infrastructural Investments on Poverty and Income Distribution in Rural Areas of Iran
ایرج
صالح
author
مسعود فهرستی
ثانی
author
حبیب اله
سلامی
author
text
article
2008
per
Infrastructure plays an important role in the process of economic development. Access to such infrastructures as safe piped drinking water, educational and health services, electrification and efficient transport system enhance human welfare. The main objective of this study is to determine the contribution of the main types of infrastructure investments to reduction of poverty and more balanced income distribution in Iran. For this purpose, poverty line and head count ratio index were calculated over 1982-2002 using data collected from various Iranian organizations and statistical centers. Impacts of various types of infrastructural development on agricultural production, poverty and inequality were investigated through parametric method and econometric analysis. Computed poverty and income distribution indices imply that rural poverty has decreased over the study period,while inequality has been increased in the rural areas. The estimated parameters of the income distribution model indicate that investment on health, electrification and irrigation network establishments has improved rural income distribution in rural areas , while the extension of rural roads and educational centers has been accompanied by worsened inequality in these areas
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27261_3def2d9676e3fd04e0eba3c9b58b0b48.pdf
Measurement and Analysis of Factors Influencing Potato Cultivation Sustainability in Freydoonshahr Township, Isfahan, Iran
طهماسب
مقصودی
author
هوشنگ
ایروانی
author
علی
اسدی
author
حمید
موحدمحمدی
author
text
article
2008
per
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27262_71b5e20fef194f81f587adfc7efdd05e.pdf
Participatory Technology Development (PTD), as a New Approach for Generation and Transformation of Appropriate Technology to Small Farmers
علی
اسدی
author
ایرج ملک
محمدی
author
سید محمود
حسینی
author
text
article
2008
per
To effectively support small farmers, an efficient system of technology generating and transforming in agriculture is needed. Lack of close and effective interaction among extension organizations and research systems and between various groups of farmers and agricultural organizations is one of the important institutional problems facing the ministries of agriculture in many developing countries. The present study was conducted for the purpose of introducing an innovative approach of Participatory Technology Development (PTD) in Iranian context. The research included tow phases: the first one was based or fundamental research, conducted through a documental study and the second phase completed through a survey application research, which ended up in a Field Model (FM). Population of the study was comprised of four groups, including: researchers working in agricultural research institutes of Iran (1157 in dividuals), faculty members of state agricultural colleges (1200), specialists of Agricultural Extension Organizations (1684), and farmers (3094763 households). Considering the overall features and while selected variance and While using Cochran formula, sample sizes of 188, 163, 201 and 211 were selected respectively. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select the sample for the study. Data were collected from the provinces of Khorasan, Eastern Azerbyijan, Mazendaran, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Fars, Isfahan and Tehran. Instrument of the study was a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed by a jury of experts and while its reliability established using Chronbach Alfa. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results of the study indicated that the sample agreed on an appropriateness of 31 out of 53 mechanisms/strategies for PTD model in agricultural technology generation, transformation and application.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27263_1cc98efef345ebdd6ccea709373aaf76.pdf
Effects of Government Expenditures onTotal Factor Productivity Growth in Rural Areas of Iran
الهام جمالی
مقدم
author
جواد
ترکمانی
author
text
article
2008
per
In this study it is attempted to investigate the effects of government spending on total factor productivity growth in rural areas of Iran. Using time series data of 1971-2001, a system of equations including some of the variables affecting productivity growth was considered. The system of equations included total factor productivity, irrigation, roads and education. Using the simultaneity and diagonolity tests the results showed the three stage least square method (3SLS) to be the more suitable. one Marginal effects of government spending on total factor productivity were calculated. Based on the obtained results, government spending on irrigation is indicetad to have the largest impact on total factor productivity growth. Also, government spending on agricultural research and development has positive impact on total factor productivity growth
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27264_2023ce66115e29ec1c9b5c75fd39d04e.pdf
A Comparative Analysis of the Extent of Knowledge of, and Application of Information Technology by the Agricultural Extension Professionals in Iran
ملیحه
فلکی
author
حسین شعبانعلی
فمی
author
هوشنگ
ایروانی
author
حمید موحد
محمدی
author
text
article
2008
per
The new information technologies have provided enormous opportunities and capacities in different scientific areas. Despite this, many countries particularly from south have not been able to make the proper use of the potentials of avilable information technologies. Agricultural extension is one of the areas faced with many obstacles in applying these technologies in its procedures and activities. Given the situation, this study was conducted to compare the extent of IT use by, and knowledge of extension professionals in the country. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1145 extension professionals working throughout the country and in different provinces. A stratified random sampling technique was used, 241 extension experts comprising the sample size of the study. The reliability and validity of the tools of study were conformed by pilot study as well as expert judgment. The results revealed that female extension professionals had a higher knowledge of IT as compared with male professionals. According to the findings training courses offered in IT have just added to the professionals’ knowledge with no effect on the level of application. A regional comparison showed that Fars and Tehran provinces benefited from the highest level of IT knowledge and application among their extension professionals.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27265_9050d647ceb456c657ad23075c1fc563.pdf
A Study of the Factors Affecting Agricultural Credit Repayment,(Case Study : Fars Province)
مهرداد
باقری
author
بهاءالدین
نجفی
author
فاطمه
معززی
author
text
article
2008
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting timely repayment of agricultural loans in Fars Province. The necessary data was obtained from agricultural Bank as well as through 163 questionnaires, filled out in Fars-Province. The farmers were divided in to timely repayment and defaulter groups while standard Tobit model being used for the study. The dependent variable in this model was non-repayment. The results of Tobit model in Fars Province indicated that, education level, diversity index, savings, acreage, loss dueto, natural disasters, crop insurance, farm income, income other than farm income, proportion of farm income to total income, supervision on the part of Bank, expected time period before receiving the credit, kind of activity, market situation, and duration of repayment period were among factors affecting non-repayment rate. Among these variables losses due to natural disasters, and expected time period before receiving credit had positive , while the rest had negative effects on non-repayment rate.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27266_98c619043e4a19da71dd0fcaaf4ee77b.pdf
A Study of Ecological Sustainability of Smallholder Farming System in Saleh Abad District, Hamadan
سیدمحمود
حسینی
author
خلیل
کلانتری
author
کریم نادری
مهدیی
author
text
article
2008
per
The purpose of this study was to investigate the sustainability standings of agricultural activities in smallholder farming systems based on the ecological indicators in Salihabad area of Hamadan province. In this area, many factors threaten the sustainability of agriculture. Some of these factors are: degradation of rangelands, increasing use of chemicals as inputs, soil erosion, depletion of soil nutrients leading to diminish in its quality, pollution of ground and surface water, and conversion of fertile into non-arable land. The ecological indicators of agricultural sustainability were determined through a comprehensive literature review. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed by a jury of experts and reliability determined through a pilot test (filling up of 30 primary questionnaires in the study area and analysis of the data), and calculation of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient(0.75). The statistical population included 27 villages. The sample size was estimated through Cochran formula, Ninety six farm-households were selected for the study, using optimum allocation clustered sampling method. Eventually the questionnaires were completed through interview with farmers in the field. Data analysis was accomplished using various statistical methods, including principle component analysis as well as cluster analysis. Findings indicate that, considering the ecological indications of sustainability, the farming systems in the area are at their "critical" stage, as 67.7 percent are at "very unsustainable",stage, 22.9 percent are "unsustainable", 7.3 percent "relatively sustainable" and only 2.1 percent of the farming systems are "sustainable",as based on the ecological sustainability indicators, developed in this study. The findings of the research can act as an alarm, and contribute to policy formulation for the future sustainable agricultural development programs in the area.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27267_e0940213930a46e62191acb1ff03a7e3.pdf
An Analysis of Knowledge and Attitude of Extension Experts towards Sustainable Agriculture
امیرحسین علی
بیگی
author
text
article
2008
per
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27268_25bcbdccd7cd943f64abb7f603701705.pdf
Assessing the Effect of Farmers Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Farmer Field School (FFS) on Biological Control against Rice Stem Borer in Mazandaran Province
ترانه
اسکو
author
محمد
چیذری
author
سیده فاطمه
رسولی
author
text
article
2008
per
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Farmers' knowledge and attitude regarding Farmer Field School (FFS) on biological control against rice stem borer in Mazandaran Province. The population of the study included all farmers residing in three villages of Kohnedan, Rangrizmahalleh and Aliabad (N=121). A questionnaire was developed from reviewed literature. The content and face validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of technical specialists and staff at the Extension Administration. A pilot test was conducted with 20 farmers in a similar regional township. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Reliability for the overall instrument was 76/32. The results of the study showed that the mean score of technical knowledge of rice farmers (before and after attendance in FFS classes) were significantly different. The mean attitude score of farmers in two villages of Kohnedan and Rangrizmahalleh regarding biological control against Rice Stem Borer before and after their attendance had a positive significant difference. The mean attitude score of rice farmers toward the effectiveness of FFS and sustainable agriculture in most investigated statements before and after FFS classes allendance showed a positive significant difference. It was found in the two villages of Aliabad and Kohnedan, that between the level of participation, and the farm land size there was a positive significant correlation. It was also found that there was a significant negative relationship in Aliabad village, between knowledge gained from FFS participation and, the variable of age. Knowledge gained had a positive significant relation with participation, level of education, and primary knowledge among the farmers in the three villages.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27269_eaedab9ab5a8c6e94e0b76cf5807917d.pdf
The Identification of Students’ View about the Major Elements of Teaching Quality Evaluation Mechanism and the Estimate of Effectiveness of Selected Variables Affecting Their View at Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University
مسعود
برادران
author
حمید
موحدمحمدی
author
حسین شعبانعلی
فمی
author
یداله مهرعلی
زاده
author
text
article
2008
per
The objectives of this study were: describing the importance of designing a desirable mechanism for faculty members, teaching quality evaluation by students, an estimation of effectiveness of selected variables (gender, year of student admiltance, type of admission, and field of study) on students’ view during ranking of 34 indexes of current evaluation forms at universities and also identifying the students’ view concerning major elements of evaluation mechanism (reliability and validity of current evaluation forms, necessity for formulating different forms of evaluation based on field of study, educational level and type of currieulum for,an employment of learning-center instead of teaching-center approach in evaluations, as well as finding the most proper scales of evaluation). Data were collected by a semi-open questionnaire and reliability of questionnaire was estimated by using Cronbach’s Alpha (approximately 0.87). SPSS statistical software was employed to describe and analyze the data. T and ANOVA were employed to test research hypotheses. Results indicated that all variables except the type of admission, had significant effects on students’ views while ranking the indexes. A high percentage of the respondents (80%) agreed with formulating different evaluation forms and substituting learning-center approach by teaching-center approach Also 72% of the respondents believed that reliability and validity of the current evaluation forms are acceptable and Likert’s five alternative scale was selected as the most proper scale. Finally, the implications of research findings were discussed.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27270_dae9a5436547321434db08c8d29478bf.pdf
Analyzing the Effects of Transaction Costs on Selling Strategy (Case Study: Market Selection for Selling Rice)
سیدصفدر
حسینی
author
محمد
خالدی
author
text
article
2008
per
Farmers incur transaction costs in selling their crops on markets. These costs affect selling strategy. To analyze the effects of fixed and proportional transaction costs on market selection, at first, it is necessary to estimate the reduced form of market choice model with a conditional logit model. Semi-structural form model allows one to simulate the effects of fixed and proportional transaction costs on market choice. The data used in this research consisted of information about rice sellers in Mazandaran province, during 1382. Simulating the effects of transaction costs on market selection shows, 50 percent decrease in proportional transaction costs changed traded quantity from 75%, 9% and 16% to 79%, 11% and 10% in near, local and distant markets, respectively. Full information about market prices (or no fixed transaction cost) increased traded quantity from 75% to 80% in near markets, decreased it from 16% to 6% in distant markets and increased it from 9% to 14% in local markets. If proportional transaction costs decrease by 50 percent and farmers’ information were adequate, the share of selling at near, local and distant markets would change to 83%, 13% and 4%, respectively
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27271_f26dd67a1df13f38b14102b7c508c2df.pdf
An Identificatin of the Factors Affecting the Use of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) by Trainees in Vocational and Technical Education in Agriculture(A Case Study in Zanjan Province)
آصف
کریمی
author
محمد
مختارنیا
author
لیلا
صفا
author
text
article
2008
per
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27272_c161d54486a562ecfbf872a02922e1e2.pdf
Analyzing the Mechanisms of Agricultural University Participation in Agricultural Extension Affairs
سعید
غلامرضائی
author
حمید موحد
محمدی
author
علی
اسدی
author
سید محمود
حسینی
author
text
article
2008
per
Agricultural universities have axial role in the Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (AKIS) along with well-known functions, including teaching, research and services. Unfortunately in Iran the third function i.e. University Outreach Services, have not had their positive impact on agricultural extension system. Regarding this problem, this research was carried out with the aim of identification and analysis of the mechanisms of strengthening participation and integration of agricultural universities in rural and agricultural extension affairs. The research was conducted based upon survey strategy. Thus, data were gathered through a questionnaire as the research tool. Statistics population included two groups, namely agricultural university faculties and experts of Extension and Production System, Deputy of Jehad-e-Agriculture Ministry. Sample size for university faculties group was 130 and for the second group 145 persons. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 and the main technique used was"R-type factor analysis". Research results indicated the existence of five factors, as underlying components of analyzed mechanisms. Extracted factors explained %72.39 of the variances of analyzed mechanisms, in total. These factors were extracted and respeclively labeled as: Supportive Policies(%16.95), Extension Education Services(%13.87) , Research Services(%10.65),Technical and Advisory Services(%9.75), and Institutional Development(%9.38) .According to the research findings, effective implemenation of the explained mechanisms required the set up of a joint committee, including staff experts of both ministries, to meet during regular appropriate meetings to appropriate policies.
Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science
پرديس کشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه تهران
2-38
v.
3
no.
2008
https://jijas.ut.ac.ir/article_27273_eb86aa5b2d1eb3cede7c5db7aadae9ad.pdf