Lemongrass species (Cymbopogon Spreng.), an aromatic medicinal plant, belongs to the Poaceae family which is cultivated for more than half a century in the world especially in South East Asia. The species Cymbopogon olivieri (Boiss) Bor. is distributed in south (Sarbaz and Jiroft) and west areas (Dezful and Masjed Soleiman) of Iran. Collection of and essential oil yield (%v/w) evaluation in this plant, from native regions as well as an investigation of west landraces, adaptability to new different regions of Karaj, Yazd and North Tehran were done during years 1999 - 2001. The results showed that among landraces yield of fresh weight and essential oil content was statistically significant. Landraces of Masjed Soleiman and Sarbaz had the highest (%3.33-DM) and the lowest (%1.41-DM) essential oil content, respectively. It was found that landraces originating from Masjed Soleiman and Dezful, exhibited better adaptation to new conditions. In the new conditions herbage yield as well as essential oil content increased in Karaj and Tehran (Zardband) sites as compared with Yazd site.
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