The RAPD procedure was used to evaluate genetic diversity of 28 Iranian wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Genomic DNA was extracted from leaves by Dellaporta method. Fifty decamer primers were used. Eight of them amplified template DNA properly and showed polymorphism among genotypes. The other primers had no band or were monomorph. The bands showing high reproducibility were used in analysis. UBC66 and UBC77 primers produced the greatest and lowest band, respectively. Rashid and Deyhim cultivares yielded the greatest and lowest band, respectively. Cluster analysis was performed based on band presence (1) and absence (0) using simple matching coefficients by UPGMA method. Similarity coefficient ranged from 0.40 to 0.91 with an average of 0.64. The most similarity was between Azadi and Khazar1. The greatest genetic difference was between 7107 line number and Karaj3. Dendrogram indicated two main groups. According to the results of the current research, it is necessary to extend genetic diversity and germplasm of studied breeding lines. Clearly, such researches are prerequisite for hybridization breeding programs.
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