Biotic and abiotic stresses result in decrease in the quantity as well as quality of crops. Cold resistance and developing cold resistant cultivars are important problems to be solved by plant breeders and physiologists. Identification of cold tolerant plant resources as well as new genes in wheat and in its associates are main tasks to be followed by breeders. Substitution lines play a great role in identifjing chromosomes and genes in wheat specially as related to quantitative traits. In order to odentify the relationship between protein bands and cold resistance, chromosomes involved in cold resistance were identified through reciprocal substitution lines between Cheyenne and Wichita cultivars. Fourty two reciprocal substitution lines along with their parents were planted in a complete block design with two replications in field, and after vernalization during the first week in Esfand, crowns were taken to lab to be studied for crown survival, wet weight as well as crown water content. Sub-lines were planted in small pots in another experiment. Membrane stability was assessed at —13CC after acclimation at 4C for 49 days. Soluble proteins were extracted from (Chenne into Wichita, under acclimated conditions) sublines. Soluble through SDS-PAGE, then the intensity of bands’ protein measured via densitometry. Relationship between proteins and cold resistance traits were surveyed through correlation and factor analysis. Results indicated that chromosomes 3B,5D and 6Afrom Wichita induced most sensitivity in Cheyenne and reciprocally chromosomes 5D,5A,4D and 4A from Cheyenne into Wichita caused an increased in cold tolerance. Two protein bands with sizes”32KD and 42KD” were strongly correlated with cold resistance as indicated by simple correlation and factor analysis. It was concluded that factor analysis’s of high efficiency in identifying chromosomes that contribute to a quantitative trait through sub-line.
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