In this research it is intended to select suitable explants and to determine the most suitable treatment for surface sterilization as well as hormonal composition in the production of sugarcane callus, using Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). To supply primary leaf primordial and shoot tips, stem tips (5 cm long) of sugarcane cultivar N. CO.310 were selected. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications (each replicate consisting of ten treatments). The fresh weight of callus was used as an index, and the means of treatments were compared while using Duncan multiple range test. The research indicated that production of desired callus, from leaf primordial, was not possible either in the presence of 2,4-D in combination with Naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) or Benzyl amino-purine (BAP) growth regulators. However, it had a meaningful effect on callus weight increase in the presence of NAA in 1 mg/L (P?1%). Formed calli in NAA medium demonstrated primary signs of organogenesis, although, in the first subculture, formed calli in NAA media did not illustrate a meaningful increase in the weight of calli, as compared with the first five weeks. Most of the calli-produced root like organs. In another experiment effects of different concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L of NAA and IBA in callus production were compared. Statistical analysis illustrates that there are significant differences among effects of IBA and NAA. Also, the different concentrations of IBA exhibited significant differences on callus formation (P?1%). At the end of the fifth week, fresh weigh of callus significantly increased (more than in the other treatments) in one milligram per liter concentration of IBA. The results indicate that in terms of color and structure, no significant differences exist among calli produced from leaf primordial and shoot tips.
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